The World of Cocos Malay Music and Dance:

A Documentary Film on Performing Arts in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands

Authors

  • Prof. David R. M. Irving Institució Milà i Fontanals de Recerca en Humanitats–CSIC
  • Dr. Jenny McCallum University of Melbourne, Australia

Keywords:

Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Indian Ocean musics, Cocos Malay music and dance, Islamic religious sound, azan, nasyid, Zikir, Cocos, Malay drumming, Joget, Silat, Melenggok, Selong, Scottish dancing, Bangsawan, Hybridity

Abstract

The Cocos (Keeling) Islands, located halfway between Perth and Sri Lanka and part of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories, are home to around 400 Cocos Malays and 150 others. Uninhabited until 1826, the islands became a coconut plantation controlled by the Scottish Clunies-Ross family and worked by Malay labourers from 1827 until 1978. In this isolated community there arose a unique and distinctive set of cultural practices, which drew from Malay, Javanese, and (some) Scottish influences. The rhythms of Cocos Malay life involve regular musicking and Islamic religious ritual: on specific occasions, including the week-long celebrations following Hari Raya (Eid al- Fitr), the birthday of the Prophet (Maulud Nabi), and weddings, the community comes together for festive public performances. This film and article present an ethnomusicological survey of Cocos Malay music and dance, based on fieldwork conducted in 2015 and 2016 during the festivities for Hari Raya. Among the genres presented and discussed are: zikir (remembrance of the Prophet), joget (popular Malaysian dance), nasyid (devotional songs), Scottish reels with Scottish dance music, traditional Cocos Malay dance with biola (violin), silat (a martial art), rudat (seated dance) with percussion, and bangsawan (popular theatre). Interviews explore the Cocos Malay biola tradition and projects for its revitalisation, and memories of music and dance for the Nuyar (New Year’s Eve) party that was held in the house of the Clunies-Ross family until the 1990s. The history and modern-day practice of Scottish dancing within this Malay Muslim community form a major focus of the narrative.

Author Biographies

Prof. David R. M. Irving, Institució Milà i Fontanals de Recerca en Humanitats–CSIC

David R. M. Irving is an ICREA Research Professor in Musicology at the Institució Milà i Fontanals de Recerca en Humanitats–CSIC, Barcelona, Corresponding Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities, and Senior Honorary Fellow at the Melbourne Conservatorium of Music, University of Melbourne. He is the author of Colonial Counterpoint: Music in Early Modern Manila (Oxford, 2010), co-editor of Eighteenth-Century Music, and co-general editor of A Cultural History of Western Music, forthcoming from Bloomsbury (2022).

Dr. Jenny McCallum, University of Melbourne, Australia

Jenny McCallum received her PhD in Ethnomusicology from King’s College London, UK before taking up a two-year position at the University of Melbourne, Australia. Her research interests extend to popular and traditional music across Southeast Asia and the Malay world in both historical and contemporary contexts.

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Published

2022-01-21

How to Cite

Irving, D. R. M. ., & McCallum, J. (2022). The World of Cocos Malay Music and Dance:: A Documentary Film on Performing Arts in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Journal of Music Research Online, 11. Retrieved from https://www.jmro.org.au/index.php/main/article/view/40

Issue

Vol. 11 (2020)

Section

Articles